1. True or False, Cancer is not one disease?
True. It is a group of related diseases. It is a genetic disease. All cancers are due to mutations in the gene. Cancer= abnormal division of cells. It is loss of normal growth control.
2. True or False, Benign tumors are never a threat to life?
False. They are rarely a threat to life but they can be if their growth interferes with function on vital organs in which they can be located.
3. What is the primary difference between benign and malignant tumors?
Benign (not cancer) grow locally and cannot spread. Malignant (cancer) cells invade neighboring tissues and enter blood vessels. Every malignant comes from benign but benign don’t always turn into malignant.
4. What is meant by the term metastasis?
Metastasis carries it through the blood stream and to other parts of the body.
5. True or False, Cancers may be inherited?
False. Some gene alterations are inherited however having the gene does not mean the person will receive cancer.
6. Identify three types of cells with respect to their pattern of division.
• Cells continually dividing.
• Cells that have stopped dividing but can divide when repairs are required.
• Cells that have stopped dividing and will not divide again.
There are two types of checkpoint genes.
• Go proteins-Oncogenes (there is too much acceleration and they can’t stop)
• Stop proteins-Tumor suppressor (genes taken break away)
Causes of cancer
50-80% of cancer is cause by lifestyle choices
1. Ionizing Radiation-high energy radiation that comes from the sun.
2. Non-ionizing radiation –ultra violet light (UV rays). Low energy SPF 30 is really the highest in sunscreen you need to go. Once past that it doesn’t really do anything else.
3. Chemical compounds-Tobacco use. There is a twenty year between smoking and cancer. (twenty year what?)
4. Viruses-HPV(cervical cancer) HIV(Aids) HHV8(Kaposi’s Sarcoma)
5. Bacteria-Helicobacter pylori-causes stomach ulcers. Leads to cancer
6. Heredity- Example is breast cancer patients.
7. Aging-the older you get, the more likely you will be to get cancer
8. Ethnic Population-colon cancer in the U.S, stomach cancer in Japan from seafood and alcohol, skin cancer in Australia.
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